Primary Sources: 

“Founded Manhattan.” Topeka Daily Herald (Topeka, KS), Nov. 15, 1904, https://www.newspapers.com/embed/145551854/

"Omnibus." Buffalo Courier Express (Buffalo, NY), April 30, 1855, https://www.newspapers.com/embed/148828948/

"Told His Story.” Topeka Daily Herald (Topeka, KS), Nov. 19, 1904, https://www.newspapers.com/embed/145552016/ 

Secondary Sources: 

Hill, Holly. "'The City of Many Names:' The Legacy of the Hartford Steamboat Immigrants in Manhattan, Kansas." Kansas Kin, May 2024. https://rileycgs.com/upload/2021__November/Kansas_Kin_v62_n1_May_2024_S_1714400863.pdf 

Jack, Lowell. Neighbors of the Past: A Sesquicentennial Project of the Manhattan Mercury. Manhattan, KS: Manhattan Mercury, 2005. 

Olson, Kevin G. W. Frontier Manhattan: Yankee Settlement to Kansas Town, 1854–1894. University Press of Kansas: 2015. 

Pioneers of the Bluestem Prairie: Kansas Counties, Clay, Geary, Marshall, Pottawatomie, Riley, Wabaunsee, Washington. Manhattan, KS: Riley County Genealogical Society, 1976. 

Pioneers of Riley County, KS 1853--1860. Manhattan, KS: Riley County Genealogical Society, 2004.