“1880 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry.com. Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010. Web.

“1900 United States Federal Census,” Ancestry.com. Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2004. Web.

“1920 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry.com. Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2010. Web.

“1940 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry.com. Ancestry.com Operations, Inc, 2012. Web.

Bradford, Adam Cunliffe. "Communities of Death: Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, and the Nineteenth-Century American Culture of Mourning and Memorializing." Diss. U of Iowa, 2010. Web.

Brett, Mary. Fashionable Mourning Jewelry, Clothing, & Customs. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2006. Print.

“California, Death Index, 1940-1997.” Ancestry.com. Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000. Web.

“Civil War Facts.” Civil War Trust. Civil War Trust, 2014. Web.

Gates, Paul W. The Farmers Age: Agriculture, 1815–1860. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1960. Print.

Ledezma, Deanna. "“This Memento Strangely Fair”: Hairwork Jewelry in America." MA thesis. U of Illinois at Chicago, 2012. Print.

 Sheumaker, Helen. Love Entwined: The Curious History of Hairwork in America. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. Print.

 “U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.” Ancestry.com Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Web.